Forces and Movement
Subjects / Additional Science / OCR 21st Century Additional Science A
In this title, we will look at potential energy stored as elastic energy: when something is forced to change its shape and tries to revert back to its original shape. This provides kinetic energy in things like catapults and clockwork toys. We will also consider equal and opposite forces in relation to Newton's third law of motion. Friction is a force that opposes movement, and this can be an advantage or disadvantage. This title also discusses stopping distances of cars, and what might make the distances increase. Terminal velocity and the reasons why vehicles need to have a top speed are considered. We examine the earth's gravitational field, and how it affects satellites and space rockets. Finally, we look at the theories of Galileo and Newton and see how they have contributed to our modern understanding of the solar system.
| Author: | Ken Hewitt | Publisher: | GCSEPod® |
| Narrator: | Pauline Addis | ISBN: | 978-1-84906-265-7 |
| Video ISBN: | 978-1-84906-765-2 |
Chapters
- Elastic Potential
- Equal and Opposite Forces
- Force and Weight
- Friction
- Stopping Distances
- Terminal Velocity
- The Earth's Gravitational Field Strength
- Theories of Galileo and Newton
Exam Board Relevance
- Edxcel
- AQA
- CEA
- IGCSE (EdExcel)
- OCR
- SQA
- WJEC
- IGCSE (CiE)
Includes original GCSEPod image art. Additional pictorial images created by Damon Smith
Curriculum and Exam Board Information
Key Issues
Titles
Chapters
- A body falling through a fluid will initially accelerate due to the force of gravity
- A driver's reaction time can be affected by tiredness, drugs and alcohol
- A number of forces acting on a body may be replaced by a single force which has the same effect on the body as the original forces all acting together
- A vehicle's braking distance can be affected by adverse road and weather conditions and poor condition of the vehicle
- Acceleration
- appreciate that friction is a force that opposes motion
- Balanced and unbalanced forces
- Balanced Forces
- Braking Force
- Eventually the resultant force on the body will be zero and it will fall at its terminal velocity
- Extension of springs and rubber bands
- Factors affecting the stopping distance of a vehicle
- Factors affecting vehicle stopping distances
- Force = mass x acceleration
- Force, Mass and Acceleration
- Force, mass and acceleration are related by the equation: resultant force (newton, N) = mass (kilogram, kg) x acceleration (metre/second2, m/s2)
- Forces in Fluids
- Forces on a car (ball) moving in a straight line on a horizontal surface accelerating, braking
- Forces on falling objects and terminal velocity
- Forces on falling objects, terminal velocity
- Frictional Forces
- GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x height
- Gravitational potential energy
- How can we calculate the weight of a body? (Weight = mass x gravitaional field strength)
- If the resultant force acting on a moving body is not zero the body will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
- If the resultant force acting on a moving body is zero the body will continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction
- If the resultant force acting on a stationary body is not zero the body will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
- If the resultant force acting on a stationary body is zero the body will remain stationary
- Influence of unbalanced force and mass on acceleration
- Particles of a gas exert a force on their container
- Relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
- Speed-time graphs and distance travelled from the graph
- Stopping Distances
- Stopping distances for vehicles
- The Earth's gravitational field strength
- The faster a body moves through a fluid the greater the frictional force which acts on it
- The force is called the resultant force
- The greater the speed of a vehicle the greater the braking force needed to stop it in a certain distance.
- The Resultant Force
- The stopping distance of a vehicle depends on the distance the vehicle travels during the driver's reaction time and the distance it travels under the braking force
- understand Newton's first law, ie that change in movement or direction results from unbalanced forces and that balanced forces produce no change
- Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity (g)
- When a vehicle travels at a steady speed the frictional forces balance the driving force
- Whenever two bodies interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite
- Work done = force x distance
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