Healthy Bodies

Key Issues

Titles

Chapters

• A healthy diet contains the right balance of the different foods you need and the right amount of energy
• A person is malnourished if their diet is not balanced
• Active transport
• BLOOD AND CIRCULATION
• cell wall - provides support
• Cells adapted to different functions
• Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function
• Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a substance made by the liver and found in the blood
• Cholesterol is carried around the body by two types of lipoproteins
• compare energy content of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in different foods
• describe the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells: chloroplasts, cell wall, large, permanent vacuole in plant cells only
• describe the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells: nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm in plant and animal cells
• Diffusion
• Excess Salt
• Exercise
• explain that all living organisms are made up from chemical compounds and that the cell is the basic unit of life
• explain why viruses do not conform to this model
• health dangers associated with obesity and lack of exercise
• Healthy Diet
• High levels of cholesterol in the blood increase the risk of disease of the heart and blood vessels
• High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are 'good' cholesterol
• If you exercise your metabolic rate stays high for some time after you have finished
• In the developed world too much food and too little exercise are leading to high levels of obesity and the diseases linked to excess weight
• In the developed world too much food and too little exercise are leading to high levels of obesity and the diseases linked to excess weight: arthritis (worn joints)
• In the developed world too much food and too little exercise are leading to high levels of obesity and the diseases linked to excess weight: heart disease
• In the developed world too much food and too little exercise are leading to high levels of obesity and the diseases linked to excess weight: high blood pressure
• know about variation in energy required, with respect to age, gender, activity
• know that plants and animals are composed of cell
• know the differences: cell wall and large vacuole as distinguishing features of most plant cells
• know the functions of food - energy, growth and protection
• know the similarities: cytoplasm, nucleus and membranes as features common to most cells
• Lipoproteins
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are 'bad' cholesterol and can cause heart disease
• Malnourishment
• membrane - controls movement of substances in and out of cells
• Metabolic Rate
• Mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats may help both to reduce blood cholesterol levels and to improve the balance between LDLs and HDLs
• Most human cells like most other animal cells a nucleus which controls the activities of the cell
• Most human cells like most other animal cells have cell membrane which controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
• Most human cells like most other animal cells have cytoplasm in which most of the chemical reactions take place
• Most human cells like most other animal cells have mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration
• Most human cells like most other animal cells have ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs
• nucleus - carries genetic information
• Obesity
• Osmosis, selectively permeable membrane
• People who exercise regularly are usually fitter than people who take little exercise
• Processed food often contains a high proportion of fat and/or salt
• Processed Foods
• recall that all living organisms are made up of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid
• recall that all living things are made up from cells
• recall the main dietary sources and roles of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre, vitamins (C and D only)
• recall the main dietary sources and roles of minerals (calcium and iron only)
• recall the main dietary sources and roles of water in a balanced diet
• Saturated Fats
• Saturated fats increase blood cholesterol levels
• Some people in the developing world suffer from health problems linked to lack of food. These include reduced resistance to infection irregular periods in women
• state that chromosomes are held in the nucleus and that they carry information in the form of genes
• state that chromosomes are strings of genes which instruct each cell and determines how the organism functions
• state that genes are made of a chemical called DNA which carries the genetic code
• Structure of animal cells
• The amount of cholesterol produced by the liver depends on a combination of diet and inherited factors
• The balance of these is very important to good heart health
• The chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes
• The less exercise you take and the warmer it is, the less food you need
• The rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out (the metabolic rate) varies with the amount of activity you do and the proportion of muscle to fat in your body. It may be affected by inherited factors
• This may lead to a person being too fat or too thin. It may also lead to deficiency diseases
• Too much salt in the diet can lead to increased blood pressure for about 30% of the population
• understand that cancer is abnormal cell division
• understand that cells become specialised to carry out different functions to include ciliated epithelium in animals
• understand that cells become specialised to carry out different functions to include palisade mesophyll in plants
• understand that cells become specialised to carry out different functions to include sperm cell in animals
• understand that cells become specialised to carry out different functions to include the root hair in plants
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including cell membrane
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including cell wall
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including chloroplast
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including chromosomes
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including cytoplasm
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including nuclear membrane
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including nucleus
• use a microscope and slide to study the structure and function of a typical plant and animal cell including permanent vacuole
• use simple tests for each of the following: protein, (Biuret test)
• use simple tests for each of the following: simple sugar, (Benedict's reagent)
• use simple tests for each of the following: starch, (iodine)
• use simple tests for each of the following: vitamin C (DCPIP test)
• vacuole - contains cell sap and helps provide support