Atomic and Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity
Subjects / Core Science / OCR Gateway Science B
In this title, you will learn about atomic structure, which is what lies beneath the surface of everything you see and touch. You will learn about protons, neutrons and electrons, and how they combine to make up the Universe. You will hear about isotopes and what they mean for radioactive decay. We will also look at the three different types of radioactive decay, and how this radioactivity appears in nature. You will discover how radioactive particles and waves can be detected, and how they can be useful and dangerous. We will then be discussing nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. This title also covers how electricity is generated at nuclear power stations, as well as what happens in nuclear reactions. Finally, you'll learn about the history of the atom, and how our knowledge of the Universe's composition has developed over time.
| Author: | Alastair Reid | Publisher: | GCSEPod® |
| Narrator: | Pauline Addis | ISBN: | 978-1-84906-287-9 |
| Video ISBN: | 978-1-84906-787-4 |
Chapters
- Atomic Structure
- Radioactive Isotopes and Radioactive Decay
- Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
- Background Radiation
- Detecting and Using Ionising Radiation
- Dangers of Ionising Radiation
- Fission and Fusion
- Half-Life
- Nuclear Reactions and Balanced Nuclear Equation
- History of the Atom
Exam Board Relevance
- Edxcel
- AQA
- CEA
- IGCSE (EdExcel)
- OCR
- SQA
- WJEC
- IGCSE (CiE)
Includes original GCSEPod image art. Additional pictorial images created by Damon Smith
Curriculum and Exam Board Information
Key Issues
Titles
Chapters
- All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons
- Alpha and Beta Decay
- Alpha and beta radiations are deflected by both electric and magnetic fields but gamma radiation is not
- Alpha, Beta and Gamma Particles
- Atomic number, mass number and isotopes
- Atomic Numbers
- Atomic Structure
- Atomic structure in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons
- Atoms may lose or gain electrons to form charged particles called ions
- Atoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
- Background Radiation
- Balanced nuclear equations
- Decrease in activity of radioactive sources over time
- Detection of ionising radiations
- Electrons
- Fissionable Substances
- Gravity
- Half-life and simple calculations
- Half-life and simple calculations on decay
- Identification of an alpha particle as a helium nucleus, a beta particle as an electron from the nucleus and gamma radiation as electromagnetic radiation
- Isotopes
- Mass Numbers
- Nature and properties of a, ß and ? radiation
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus. For fission to occur the uranium 235 or plutonium 239 nucleus must first absorb a neutron
- Nuclear Fusion
- Nuclear fusion is the joining of two atomic nuclei to form a larger one. Nuclear fusion is the process by which energy is released in stars
- Nuclear Radiation
- Properties of the alpha, beta and gamma radiations limited to their relative ionising power, their penetration through materials and their range in air
- Protons
- Radiation from the Nuclei
- RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS
- Radioactive Isotopes
- Radioactivity as the breakdown of an unstable nucleus
- SEISMIC WAVES
- Some substances give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms all the time, whatever is done to them. These substances are said to be radioactive
- The activity of a radioactive isotope decreases over time
- The atoms of an element always have the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons for each isotope
- The basic structure of an atom is a small central nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons
- The dangers of ionising radiations
- The effect of alpha and beta decay on radioactive nuclei
- THE HALF LIFE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
- The half-life of a radioactive isotope is defined as the time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to halve or the time it takes for the count rate from a sample containing the isotope to fall to half its initial level
- The neutrons may go on to start a chain reaction
- The nucleus undergoing fission splits into two smaller nuclei and 2 or 3 neutrons and energy is released
- The origins of background radiation.
- The properties of a, ß and ? radiations
- The relative masses and relative electric charges of protons, neutrons and electrons. In an atom the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. The atom has no net electrical charge
- The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its mass number
- The total number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number
- The uses of and the dangers associated with each type of nuclear radiation
- The uses of a, ß and ? radiations
- There are two fissionable substances in common use in nuclear reactors, uranium 235 and plutonium 239
- USES AND DANGERS OF RADIOACTIVITY
- Uses of radioactive isotopes
- Uses of radioactivity in radioactive dating
- a and ß particles and ? radiation
- a, ß and ? radiation
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